| Question | Answer | Explanation (Paragraph reference) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | NOT GIVEN | The passage mentions Fleming’s discovery but does not state that he predicted resistance. This information is absent. (Para 1) | | 2 | FALSE | The passage states: “an estimated 70-80% of all antibiotics sold globally are used in livestock and aquaculture” – not human medicine. (Para 2) | | 3 | TRUE | The text says: “doctors are forced to revert to ‘last-resort’ antibiotics like colistin” – implying it is used when others fail. (Para 3) | | 4 | NOT GIVEN | The passage states antibiotics are less profitable, but it does not say cancer is “more common.” Profit motive is discussed, not prevalence. (Para 4) | | 5 | TRUE | The passage explicitly states: “Countries like the United Kingdom have introduced ‘subscription’ models.” (Para 5) | | 6 | viral infections | Direct quote: “antibiotics are prescribed for viral infections like the common cold.” (Para 2) | | 7 | livestock | Quote: “used in livestock and aquaculture.” (Para 2) | | 8 | second- or third-line | Quote: “may require second- or third-line drugs.” (Para 3) | | 9 | 10 million | Quote: “to 10 million deaths per year by 2050.” (Para 3) | | 10 | One Health | Quote: “a coordinated ‘One Health’ approach.” (Para 5) | | 11 | hygiene | Quote: “improving infection prevention through vaccination and hygiene.” (Para 5) | | 12 | subscription | Quote: “introduced ‘subscription’ models.” (Para 5) | | 13 | low- and middle-income | Quote: “particularly in low- and middle-income countries.” (Para 6) |
The rise of antibiotic resistance is one of the most pressing health challenges of the 21st century, often described by medical experts as a "silent pandemic." Since the discovery of penicillin, antibiotics have been the bedrock of modern medicine, turning once-fatal infections into manageable conditions. However, the overconsumption and misuse of these drugs have accelerated the evolution of "superbugs"—bacteria that can survive the very treatments designed to kill them. | Question | Answer | Explanation (Paragraph reference)
: The passage emphasizes that appropriate, targeted prescribing is crucial to combat resistance. (Para 2) | | 3 | TRUE |
What is the main cause of antibiotic resistance? However, the overconsumption and misuse of these drugs