As the field of animal behavior and veterinary science continues to evolve, we can expect to see a range of exciting developments, including:

A dog who snaps when touched near the hindquarters isn't necessarily dominant; he may have undiagnosed hip dysplasia. A cat who hisses during grooming may have dental disease or feline hyperesthesia syndrome. The connection between and nociception (pain perception) is so strong that veterinary behaviorists now use aggression scales as pain assessment tools.

Whether it’s a puppy learning to navigate a human world or a zoo elephant receiving enrichment, the synergy of behavior and medicine ensures that animals don't just survive, but thrive.

Veterinarians use behavioral changes as "early warning systems" for medical issues: Animal and Veterinary Sciences | The University of Vermont