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The text contains instructions for contacting spiritual entities, including angels and jinn. It provides complex rituals involving fasting, isolation ( khalwa ), and specific incantations to summon these beings for assistance.
Islamic scholars (Ulama) have historically condemned the book as shirk (polytheism) because it instructs the reader to command spirits using divine names—an act reserved for God alone. In Egypt, the book was officially banned in the 20th century, and copies were burned.
You will often read that the Shams al-Ma'arif can cause madness, death, or jinn possession to the uninitiated. Is this true? Partially.
Shams al-Ma'arif is attributed to Ahmad ibn Ali al-Buni, an Algerian Sufi mystic and occultist who lived in the 13th century. Al-Buni was a prominent figure in the Islamic world, known for his expertise in various fields, including mysticism, astrology, and magic. He wrote several influential works on spirituality and the occult, but Shams al-Ma'arif is considered his magnum opus.
), which are believed to carry divine energy and can be used to influence reality. Astrology and Timing:
Shams al-Ma'arif (The Sun of Knowledge), authored by the 13th-century Sufi scholar Ahmad al-Buni
