When the solenoid turns off, the collapsing magnetic field generates a reverse voltage spike (up to 200V). Without a flyback diode, this kills the MOSFET or Arduino. Your Fritzing diagram must include this diode.
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: Always place a diode (like a 1N4007) across the solenoid terminals to prevent power spikes from frying your board. When the solenoid turns off, the collapsing magnetic
Placed in parallel with the solenoid coil (cathode to positive), the diode prevents voltage spikes when the solenoid de-energizes. When the solenoid turns off