Acute or chronic stress alters behavior (e.g., stereotypic pacing, excessive grooming). Pain elicits specific behavioral patterns: lameness, guarding, vocalization, or withdrawal. Recognizing these allows early intervention.
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: In chronic cases, medication may be used to lower an animal's emotional arousal, allowing training and behavior modification to become more effective. Practical Insights for Caregivers Acute or chronic stress alters behavior (e